There is NO WAY to confine a jammer to the inside of the prison unless the whole place is covered in tin foil then no phone would work anyway,
you can try this for yourself by wrapping up your switched on mobile in baking foil and see if you can ring it from another fone, "take it from me the signal wont get thro" It would definatley affect the public and everyone using a mobile in the near vicinity including the Guards own phones,
the best way is to have a passive low gain hidden sensor in each prison cell to detect a mobiles RF transmission and a lamp would flash on a control panel to show which prisoners cell is using a mobile phone, even if a phone is just turned on it will give its self away as they handshake with the exchange every few hours.